Working principle of AC generator
2025-10-22
Core components: The AC generator is mainly composed of a stator (stationary part) and a rotor (rotating part). The stator is usually composed of an iron core and three-phase windings embedded in it. The iron core provides a low magnetic resistance path, and the three-phase windings are distributed spatially at an electrical angle of 120 degrees. The rotor provides a magnetic field, which can be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet (excitation winding) excited by direct current.
Power generation process: The prime mover (such as a steam turbine, water turbine, diesel engine, etc.) drives the rotor to rotate at a constant speed, and the magnetic field on the rotor rotates accordingly. The rotating magnetic field sweeps over the stationary stator winding, and the conductor in the stator winding "cuts" the magnetic field lines of the rotating magnetic field. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, an induced electromotive force is generated in the stator conductor. Due to the spatial displacement of the three-phase windings, they are cut by the rotating magnetic field in a chronological order. Therefore, the induced electromotive force generated in the three-phase windings is also 120 degrees out of phase with each other in time, forming three-phase alternating current.
Energy conversion: The mechanical energy of the prime mover is converted into kinetic energy of the rotor rotation, and the rotating magnetic field transfers the energy to the stator winding through magnetic coupling, ultimately generating alternating current energy in the stator winding.
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